The core muscles have important functions in the body, however confusion still surrounds the idea of ‘the core’. Patient’s present regularly with the notion that performing numerous sit-ups, leg raises and torso twists will provide a strong and stable core, however the function and training of these particular muscles is very different.
Individually, the core is comprised of the stabilising transversus abdominis, pelvic floor and multifidis (see figure 1). Together, these muscles create a corset which helps to stabilise the spine, pelvis and trunk, allowing us to complete tasks in a coordinated and safe manner. They also support the bladder, bowel and sexual organs. Research indicates that these muscles display abnormal activation patterns in the presence of low back pain. Other research demonstrates reduced pelvic floor strength and endurance in women with incontinence post pregnancy. Before any movement, voluntary and involuntary, these muscles should activate to protect your body against unwanted positions and injury. These muscles are optimally exercised under sub maximal contraction given their smaller size and requirements of stability rather than movement.
The global muscles are involved with strong, powerful contractions causing large prime movements of the trunk and back. The main core muscles involved are the rectus abdominis (six pack) plus both internal and external obliques (v-muscle). As stated above, these muscles produce large powerful movements and thus are exercises under these conditions i.e. abdominal crunches, torso twists etc.
Consequently adequate balance is required for both the global and inner stabilising muscles. Athletes can have a strong core, however if they fail to activate and deactivate the correct muscles at the right time then this strength is useless. This is the fundamental principal of core stability, the intricate balance of muscular systems to achieve the desired movement while maintaining control and stability.
Blane Delbridge is one of our most experienced practitioners at Peak. Graduating from the University of Queensland with a bachelor of physiotherapy and first class honours. Blane recently published his article which assessed upper shoulder tape for office workers. His professional interests include core rehabilitation for athletes with issues around the pelvis and hamstring injuries. He currently participates in the QAFL playing for Morningside Panthers.
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