PNF is defined as a technique utilised to improve muscle elasticity, shown to have a positive effect on active and passive range of motions. It falls into the category of stretching, being also grouped with Static stretching (SS) where a muscle is held in its lengthened position to improve movement, and Ballistic stretching (BS) where a muscle is lengthened to end of range and a bouncing motion is undertaken.
Types of PNF
There are two main types of PNF; the contract-relax method (CR) and the contract-relax-antagonist-contract method (CRAC).
The CR method involves taking a muscle to its lengthened position and being held there whilst isometrically contracting the same muscle maximally for an allotted amount of time. This is then followed by lengthening the muscle further into range once the isometric contraction is released.
The CRAC method follows the same method as the CR method but instead involves contracting the target muscle you want to stretch as well as the opposing muscle (think quadriceps and hamstrings doing the opposite movement to each other) for a period of time.
Benefits of PNF Stretching
PNF stretching has a number of benefits as listed below:
Increases ROM – by stretching or lengthening the components of muscle tissue ie. muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs (GTO) through PNF, you can increase your range of movement (ROM).
Boost muscle flexibility – studies have shown that PNF can increase muscle flexibility. In particular, PNF can boost hamstring and calf muscle flexibility.
Boost muscle strength – PNF can boost the strength of your muscles if done before less strenuous exercises. A study shows how vertical jumping and throwing distance can improve by more than double when athletes do PNF stretching twice a week.
There may be times where PNF is not recommended based on your current condition or injury so please seek further advice from one of our Peak Coaches who will help guide whether this type of treatment is suitable for you.
Callum MacDiarmid
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